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乾嘉学术是清代学术的主体和根基。晚清学术,无论理学、今文学、诸子学,或凡一切学术,其理论根基与治学方法,或立足于考据学的成果,或体现着考据学的精韵。并且,随着晚清国势的危殆,现实的经世诉求必然要对学术思想和形式产生一定的影响。经世思想,目的是要把学问和现实连为一体,仍然是传统的“知行”问题,但是知和行之间的桥梁是义理。义理对“知”具有概括提炼作用,对“行”具有指导引领作用,所以义理在晚清学术中的诉求不断加强。各种学术种类概莫能外,都体现着一种经世的义理性冲动。实际上,晚清不曾存在一种超然独立的学术类型,各种学术之间互相渗透和影响,在对立中求共鸣,在求同中又存异,构成了晚清学术的一大特色。以义理和考据的关系作为理论基础,对晚清学术多元化背后的一致趋势——考据精神与方法的普及和经世精神所推动的义理诉求的加强进行分析,同时立足于乾嘉学术的根基之上,以晚清的汉宋调和趋势为中心,梳理晚清理学、考据学等在义理阐发上的各自旨趣,阐明各种思想殊途同归的最终理想,都为求经世而致用。
Qianjia academic is the main body and foundation of academic in Qing Dynasty. Late Qing academic, regardless of Neo-Confucianism, modern literature, philosophers, or all academic, its theoretical foundation and method of study, or based on the textual research achievements, or reflect the textual research of the fine rhyme. And, with the critical situation of the late Qing dynasty, the realistic demands of the world will inevitably exert some influence on academic ideas and forms. The purpose of the thought of the world is to integrate learning with reality and still be a traditional issue of “knowing and doing”, but the bridge between knowing and doing is justification. Sentiment has the function of generalized refinement of “知”, and has the guiding and leading role of “行 ”. Therefore, the appeal of senses in the academy of late Qing dynasty continues to be strengthened. A variety of academic types can not be outside, all reflect a kind of rational impulse of the world. In fact, in the late Qing Dynasty there was no such kind of transcendental and independent academic system. The mutual infiltration and influence of various kinds of scholarship, the resonance in opposites, and the differences in seeking common ground also constituted a major feature of academic study in the late Qing Dynasty. Taking the relationship between the theory of justice and the textual research as the theoretical basis, this article analyzes the consistent trends behind the academic pluralism in the late Qing dynasty - the popularization of the textual research methods and methods and the strengthening of the moral demands promoted by the socialistic spirit, and based on the academic foundation of Qian Jia and Jia On the basis of the reconciliation tendency of the Han and the Song Dynasties in the late Qing dynasty, the author tries to sort out the respective purport of Neo-Confucianism and Textual Research in the elucidation of the theory of justice and elucidate the ultimate ideal of reunification of all kinds of thoughts by all means.