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[目的]了解上海市普陀区企业中接触生产性噪声工人(以下简称接噪工人)对噪声危害及听力保护措施的认知情况,为有效开展相关职业病防治宣传工作提供参考依据。[方法]2011年4月,随机抽取普陀区320名接噪工人进行问卷调查,并分析年龄、性别、户籍、文化程度等因素对相关知识水平的影响。[结果]不同年龄、性别、户籍、文化程度的接噪工人,对噪声危害及防护知识的掌握情况存在一定差异。不同年龄组的接噪工人对体检周期为每年一次的知晓率不完全相同(χ2=12.37,P<0.05);男性接噪工人对生产性噪声可损害神经系统的知晓率明显高于女性(χ2=5.01,P<0.05);沪籍接噪工人对职业健康检查有法律规定、接噪工人体检周期为1次/年、棉花无防噪声效果的知晓率均明显高于流动人口(χ2=5.37、4.19、7.90,P<0.05);由于文化程度的不同,接噪工人对生产性噪声可致听力损伤或噪声聋,可损害神经系统、强度越大危害越大,法律规定应定期进行职业健康检查的知晓率亦不完全相同(χ2=22.37、15.09、9.63、13.07,P<0.05)。[结论]普陀区接噪工人对噪声危害及防护知识水平有待进一步提高,今后的职业卫生宣传和培训工作应采取有针对性的措施。
[Objective] To understand the cognition of noise hazards and hearing protection measures among workers exposed to productive noise in enterprises in Putuo District of Shanghai (hereinafter referred to as noise-exposed workers), and provide reference for effective prevention and control of occupational diseases. [Methods] In April 2011, 320 random workers in Putuo District were randomly selected for questionnaire survey. The influence of age, gender, household registration, educational level and other factors on relevant knowledge level was analyzed. [Result] The noise-exposed workers with different age, sex, household registration and education level had some differences in the knowledge of noise hazard and protection knowledge. The awareness rates of workers exposed to noise at different age groups for the annual physical examination cycle were not identical (χ2 = 12.37, P <0.05). The awareness rates of male noise workers on the production of noise-damaging nervous system were significantly higher than those of women = 5.01, P <0.05). The occupational health check-ups for Shanghai workers receiving the noise were stipulated in the law. The check-up period of workers receiving noise was 1 time per year, and the awareness rate of cotton without anti-noise effect was significantly higher than that of the floating population (χ2 = 5.37 , 4.19, 7.90, P <0.05). Due to different educational level, noise-exposed workers may cause hearing impairment or noisy deafness to productive noise, which may damage the nervous system. The greater the intensity, the greater the harm, and the law requires regular occupational health Check the awareness rate is not exactly the same (χ2 = 22.37,15.09,9.63,13.07, P <0.05). [Conclusion] The noise hazards and the level of protection knowledge of noise-exposed workers in Putuo District need to be further improved. Propaganda and training of occupational health in the future should take targeted measures.