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能量相互转化过程的综合作用导致了岩石破坏,而其破坏的根本原因是岩石中储存的应变能的释放。对中低应变率加载条件下岩石尺寸效应能量特征的研究结果表明:花岗岩破坏时吸收的总能量U、弹性应变能U~e以及损伤应变能U~d均随试件尺寸的增长而降低;岩石强度与岩石中储存的能量有关,尤其与弹性储能有关,即弹性应变能愈高,岩石强度越大;试件长度由50mm变为125mm时,弹性储能逐渐降低,岩石破坏形态从劈裂破坏变为剪切破坏,大尺寸时局部化变形明显。能量是不同应变率加载条件下岩石破坏细微观及宏观特征存在差异的内在动力;亦是导致岩石强度存在尺寸效应的本质动因。
The combined effect of energy conversion process leads to rock failure, and the root cause of the damage is the release of strain energy stored in the rock. The results show that the total energy U, the elastic strain energy U ~ e and the damage strain energy U ~ d of the granite when the granite is damaged decrease with the increase of the specimen size. The rock strength is related to the energy stored in the rock, especially related to elastic energy storage, ie, the higher the elastic strain energy, the greater the rock strength. When the length of the specimen changes from 50mm to 125mm, the elastic storage energy decreases gradually. Cracking damage into shear damage, large-scale localized deformation obvious. Energy is the intrinsic motivation for the differences in microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of rock failure under different strain rate loading conditions. It is also the essential motivation for the size effect of rock strength.