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(一) 近二百年来,现代化问题一直影响资本主义社会的犯罪率和犯罪形式。早在十九世纪末期和二十世纪初期,诸如涂尔干(Durkheim)、塔尔德(Tarde)和邦格(Bonger)等学派已从比较大的社会势力方面来研究犯罪问题。
A. The Problem of Modernization has been affecting the crime rates and forms of crime in capitalist societies for nearly two centuries. As late as the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, schools such as Durkheim, Tarde and Bonger have studied criminal issues from the larger social forces.