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为了探明吉林省不同时期育成的栽培大豆品种在叶片衰老过程中光合相关参数变化,将1923-2006年划分为4个时期,第一时期为1960年以前、第二时期为1961-1980年、第三时期为1981-2000年和第四时期为2001年以后,以吉林省不同时期育成的20个栽培大豆品种为材料进行田间试验。用Li-6400光合测定仪在R2(开花期)、R4(结荚期)、R6(鼓粒期)和R7(成熟期)进行叶片光合相关参数测定。结果表明:不同时期育成大豆品种,在R4、R6和R7期净光合速率、叶绿素含量和比叶重皆表现为:第一时期<第二时期<第三时期<第四时期。从衰老进程来看,R4~R6期,不同时期育成大豆品种的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及叶绿素含量下降值比皆表现为:第一时期>第二时期>第三时期>第四时期。R6~R7期,大豆品种比叶重下降值比表现为:第一时期>第二时期>第三时期>第四时期。这说明随着品种遗传改良,改善了大豆叶片光合相关参数,提高了叶片的光合作用,延长了光合时间,从而延缓叶片衰老,为产量的提高奠定物质基础。
In order to find out the changes of photosynthetic parameters during the senescence of cultivated soybean varieties cultivated in different periods in Jilin Province, the period from 1923 to 2006 was divided into four periods: the first period was 1960 years, the second period was 1961-1980, The third period was from 1981 to 2000 and the fourth period was from 2001 onwards. Field trials were conducted on 20 cultivated soybean cultivars bred in different periods in Jilin Province. Leaf photosynthesis-related parameters were measured at Li (flowering stage), R4 (pod stage), R6 (drum stage) and R7 (maturation stage) with Li-6400 photosynthesis system. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight of the cultivated soybean cultivars at different stages were as follows: the first period the second period> the third period> Four periods. From R6 to R7, the ratio of specific leaf weight to weight of soybean decreased as follows: the first period> the second period> the third period> the fourth period. This indicated that with the genetic improvement of cultivars, the related parameters of photosynthesis of soybean leaves were improved, the photosynthesis of leaves was increased, the photosynthetic time was prolonged, and the senescence of leaves was retarded, which laid the material foundation for the increase of yield.