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黄河水沙变化使汛期进入下游的基流减小,含沙量增加,高含沙洪水出现的机会增多,在灌溉用水旺季将出现长时间断流。然而利用窄深河槽输送高含沙水流入海,不仅可以减轻黄河下游的严重淤积,还可向华北地区提供大量清水。文中给出了小浪底等水库不同调水冲刷方式,下游河道的减淤效益。计算成果表明,当小浪底水库的调沙库容为25亿m~3时,下游河道的年平均淤积量可减少到1亿多吨。文中还以北洛河为例,给出黄河下游河道的治理前景。
The change of water and sediment in the Yellow River will reduce the base flow entering the lower reaches of the flood season and increase the sediment concentration. The chances of high silt floods will increase, and prolonged dry flow will occur during the peak season of irrigation water. However, the use of narrow and deep river channels to transport silt water into the sea can not only reduce the serious sedimentation in the lower Yellow River, but also provide a large amount of water to North China. In this paper, the different water diversion and flushing methods such as Xiaolangdi reservoir are given, and the benefit of sedimentation reduction in the lower reaches of the river is given. The calculation results show that when the sediment storage capacity of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is 2.5 billion m 3, the annual average sedimentation volume of downstream rivers can be reduced to more than 100 million tons. The paper also takes Beiluo River as an example, gives the governance prospects of the lower Yellow River.