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水是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,是重要的基础自然资源,也是国家综合国力的重要组成部分,但水污染和对地下水的过度开采是目前影响社会发展的严重问题。自1978年实行改革开放以来,我国连续33年国民经济保持高速增长,平均年增长率高达9.7%,这在世界上也是罕见的。2011年我国GDP更是超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。但是我国经济发展的基本特点仍是粗放、外延的,其中相当部分的增长是以牺牲大量不可再生资源为代价取得的。这种发展对生态环境造成很大的压力,特别是对水环境的破坏更加突出,结果必然会影响发展的可持续性。因此,对水资源的保护已经成为刻不容缓的现实问题。
Water is the foundation on which mankind depends for its existence and development. It is an important basic natural resource and an important part of the overall national strength. However, water pollution and excessive exploitation of groundwater are serious problems affecting the social development. Since the implementation of the reform and opening up in 1978, our national economy has enjoyed rapid growth for 33 consecutive years with an average annual growth rate of 9.7%, which is rare in the world. In 2011, China’s GDP surpassed Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy. However, the basic characteristics of China’s economic development are still extensive and extensive. A considerable part of the growth has been made at the expense of a large amount of non-renewable resources. This kind of development has put great pressure on the ecological environment, especially the damage to the water environment, which will inevitably affect the sustainability of development. Therefore, the protection of water resources has become a pressing practical issue.