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鲁迅与西方现代派文学的关系是一种平行关系。他与西方现代派文学大师卡夫卡、伍尔芙、乔伊斯、普鲁斯特、艾略特等同时起步 ,他们的作品之间有明显的可比因素。鲁迅作品中的现代主义质素表现在人的主体意识的确立与强化 ;在对于人的思考与探索中所体现出来的焦灼与苦闷 ;对死亡、阴暗题材的兴趣 ;广用象征 ;向最能展示人的“心理真实”的潜意识领域深入开掘 ;采用“非人格化”叙述法等。并且 ,鲁迅各种文体作品 (小说、杂文、散文诗、古体诗、回忆散文等 )都弥溢着现代主义质素。当然 ,鲁迅与西方现代派文学大师也有诸多不同 ,最主要者是鲁迅并未放弃现实主义塑造典型环境中的典型人物的原则 ,从而呈现出将现代主义与现实主义相融合的艺术形态。
The relationship between Lu Xun and western modernist literature is a kind of parallel relationship. He started with the Western modernist masters Kafka, Woolf, Joyce, Proust, Eliot and others. There were obvious comparables between their works. The quality of modernism in Lu Xun’s works is manifested in the establishment and enhancement of the subjective consciousness of the human being; the anxiety and distress manifested in the thinking and exploration of human beings; the interest in death and shady themes; the use of symbolism; Demonstrate the “psychological reality” of the subconscious field in-depth mining; the use of “impersonal” narrative method. Moreover, all kinds of works of Lu Xun (novels, essays, prose poems, archaic poems, prose essays, etc.) are filled with the quality of modernism. Of course, there are many differences between Lu Xun and the great masters of modern Western literature. The most important one is that Lu Xun did not give up the principle of realism in building a typical figure in a typical environment, thus presenting an art form that integrates modernism with realism.