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目的分析2005—2012年灌云县狂犬病流行病学特征,为制定切实可行的狂犬病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法病例资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述流行病学进行分析。结果 2005—2012年共报告狂犬病17例,病死率100%。年均发病率为0.32/10万,2005年发病率最高为0.38/10万。男女性别比2.21∶1;30~59岁占总发病数的52.94%(9/17);职业分布农民和学生各占76.47%和23.53%;58.82%(10/17)病例主要发生于5~8月份;被犬致伤者最多,占82.35%(14/17),76.47%(13/17)的病例暴露后未及时规范处理伤口,仅23.53%(4/17)的病例接种狂犬疫苗。结论动物管理难度大、暴露人群未规范处置和群众的认知不足是灌云县狂犬病发病的主要原因。应加强动物管理、规范处置暴露人群和加大健康教育力度,才能有效控制狂犬病疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Guanyun County from 2005 to 2012, and provide a scientific basis for the development of feasible rabies prevention and control measures. Methods The data of the cases were from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 17 rabies cases were reported from 2005 to 2012 with a case fatality rate of 100%. The average annual incidence was 0.32 / 100000, the highest incidence in 2005 was 0.38 / 100000. Male to female ratio was 2.21:1; those from 30 to 59 years old accounted for 52.94% (9/17) of the total number of cases; 76.47% and 23.53% of them were occupationally distributed peasants and students respectively; 58.82% (10/17) In August, dogs were most injured, accounting for 82.35% (14/17) and 76.47% (13/17), respectively. The wounds were not routinely treated and only 23.53% (4/17) of rabies vaccines were vaccinated. Conclusion The animal management is very difficult, and the unregulated exposure of the population and the lack of awareness of the masses are the main causes of rabies in Guanyun County. In order to effectively control the epidemic of rabies, animal management should be strengthened, the exposed population should be standardized and the health education should be intensified.