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巴西位于南美洲东部,总面积为85 470万km2,约占南美洲总面积的50％,境内大部分属于热带地区,平均气温最高的东北部为28℃,最低的南部高原为16℃,是个具有水产养殖优势的国家。巴西的水资源十分丰富,占世界所有淡水总量20％的亚马逊河有56％的流域面积在其境内,再则为对付干旱和水力发电而建成的水坝储水水域达500万hm2,另有绵延8 000 km长的海岸线适合海水养殖业。以养殖对象进行分类,巴西的水产养殖可分为6大类,即淡水鱼、海水虾、蛤仔类、牡蛎、淡水虾和蛙类。其中,淡水鱼养殖遍及巴西各州,其产量占巴西水产养殖总产量的80％。因此,为了增进我国渔业工作者对巴西渔业的了解,促进渔业交流与合作,笔者结合在巴西考察学习与渔业交流期间掌握的情况,现就巴西三种主要土著淡水鱼类养殖品种进行介绍,希望能对我国相关渔业人员有所裨益。
Brazil is located in the eastern part of South America with a total area of 85.77 million km2, accounting for about 50% of the total area in South America. Most of the territory belongs to the tropics. The northeast with the highest average temperature is 28 ℃ and the lowest is 16 ℃ in the south. Countries that have the advantages of aquaculture. Brazil has a very rich water resources, with 56% of the Amazon basin, which accounts for 20% of the world’s total fresh water, within its catchment area and another 5 million hm2 of dam water storage for drought and hydropower generation. The coastline stretching over 8,000 km is suitable for marine aquaculture. In terms of farmed species, aquaculture in Brazil is divided into six broad categories: freshwater fish, seawater shrimp, clams, oysters, freshwater prawns and frogs. Among them, freshwater fish farming throughout Brazil’s state accounts for 80% of Brazil’s total aquaculture production. Therefore, in order to promote the understanding of fishery workers in Brazil and promote the exchange and cooperation of fisheries, the author introduces the three major indigenous freshwater fish breeding species in Brazil based on the information learned during the study tour and fishery exchange in Brazil, and hopes Can be beneficial to our fisheries related personnel.