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马克思和恩格斯高度重视报刊工作,同他们倚重舆论,将报刊视为最有影响的舆论载体是分不开的。他们指出,舆论反映了“公众心理的一般状态”(《马克思恩格斯全集》第12卷,第658页),而社会舆论则是一种“普遍的、隐蔽的和强制的力量”(同上,第1卷,第237页),运载社会舆论的报刊可以独立地发挥“社会舆论的法庭”的作用(同上,第8卷,第463页)。对于舆论的这种基本认识,同马克思恩格斯思想的理论渊源之一的法国启蒙思想家以及黑格尔等人的关于舆论的见解十分接近。卢梭认为,舆论即公意,公意是公众意见最大的公约数。伏尔泰说
Marx and Engels attached great importance to the work of newspapers and periodicals, inseparably with their reliance on public opinion and the press as the most influential media of public opinion. They point out that public opinion reflects “the general state of public psychology” (Collected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. 12, p. 658), while public opinion is a “universal, covert and coercive force” (ibid., Para. 1, p. 237), newspapers and periodicals carrying public opinion can function independently as “courts of public opinion” (ibid., Vol. 8, p. 463). This basic understanding of public opinion closely approximates the opinion of the public opinion of French enlightenment thinkers and Hegel, who are one of the theoretical origins of Marx and Engels’ thought. Rousseau believes that public opinion is public opinion, public opinion is the greatest public opinion of the public. Voltaire said