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目的验证NIOSH定量评估模型模拟结果的可靠性和准确性,并通过实例应用,评估有毒化学物质皮肤接触的吸收程度,提出相应的防护措施建议。方法选择几种典型的易经皮吸收的化学物质,通过欧洲有毒化学物质皮肤吸收的评估和预测数据库(EDETOX Database)获取其经皮吸收实验数据,将这些研究实例通过NIOSH模型进行吸收率的模拟,将模拟结果与实验数据对比并进行统计学分析,评价NIOSH模型的可靠性和准确性。再以三甲苯磷酸酯和苯酚为实例,采用NIOSH模型评估吸收的剂量(mg),将我国的职业接触浓度限值(mg/m~3)转换为接触当量限值(mg),对经由皮肤吸收的职业暴露程度进行判定。结果模型模拟结果和实验数据的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实例应用模拟结果显示,三甲苯磷酸酯3种模拟场景的8 h、150 h吸收剂量分别为0.01 mg、0.03 mg、0.03 mg和0.76 mg、4.48 mg、6.93 mg,未超过时间折算接触限值当量(0.67 mg、12.56 mg);苯酚3种模拟场景的8 h吸收剂量分别为7.10mg、2.35 mg、15.40 mg,亦未超过时间折算接触限值当量(22.46 mg)。结论该模型具有一定的准确性和可靠性。实例应用显示,NIOSH模型对于经皮吸收的影响因素考虑全面,职业暴露场景的设置灵活方便,对于工作场所化学物质经皮吸收职业暴露评估具有较强的实用性。
Objective To verify the reliability and accuracy of NIOSH quantitative assessment model simulation results and to evaluate the degree of absorption of toxic chemical skin contact through case examples and propose corresponding protective measures. METHODS: Several typical percutaneous absorption chemistries were selected and their percutaneous absorption data were obtained from the EDETOX database. The NIOSH model was used to simulate the absorption rate The simulation results were compared with the experimental data and statistically analyzed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the NIOSH model. Thirdly, using the methyl trophosphate and phenol as examples, the NIOSH model was used to evaluate the absorbed dose (mg), and the occupational exposure limit (mg / m ~ 3) in our country was converted to the limit of exposure equivalent Absorption of occupational exposure to determine the extent. Results There was no significant difference between model simulation results and experimental data (P> 0.05). The simulation results of the application examples show that the absorbed doses at 3 h and 3 h after 3 hours were 0.01 mg, 0.03 mg, 0.03 mg and 0.76 mg, 4.48 mg and 6.93 mg, respectively, and the exposure limit equivalent (0.67 mg, 12.56 mg). The absorbed dose of 8 h in the three simulation scenarios of phenol was 7.10 mg, 2.35 mg and 15.40 mg, respectively, and the exposure limit equivalent (22.46 mg) was not exceeded in time. Conclusion The model has certain accuracy and reliability. Practical examples show that the NIOSH model is comprehensive in terms of the factors influencing percutaneous absorption and flexible and easy to set up occupational exposure scenarios. It is also of practical value in assessing occupational exposure to percutaneous absorption of chemical substances in the workplace.