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目的:介绍纳米粒载体的制备、优点和应用进展,为纳米粒在新的领域的应用提供依据。方法:以纳米粒制备方法和基质材料的不断发展以及各个领域的应用为线索来综述。结果:纳米粒的制备方法有离子交换法、乳化法和自组装法,基质材料有蛋白质和多糖等,纳米粒本身无毒性,能增加所载物的溶解度和生物利用度,提高靶向性及效率,在抗肿瘤治疗、神经系统治疗和药物检测等多方面有广泛的应用。结论:纳米粒作为一种载体,在药物临床研究、药理研究和生物分析等方面都得到了广泛应用,并有可能开发为其他领域的运送体系,有广阔的应用前景。
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the preparation, advantages and application progress of nanoparticle carriers and provide the basis for the application of nanoparticles in new fields. Methods: The synthesis of nanoparticles and the continuous development of matrix materials and their applications in various fields are reviewed. Results: Nanoparticles were prepared by ion exchange method, emulsification method and self-assembly method. The matrix materials were protein and polysaccharide. The nanoparticles were non-toxic and could increase the solubility and bioavailability of the nanoparticles. Efficiency, in the anti-cancer treatment, neurological treatment and drug testing and other aspects of a wide range of applications. Conclusion: As a kind of carrier, nanoparticles have been widely used in drug clinical research, pharmacological research and bioanalysis, and are likely to be developed as delivery systems in other fields with broad application prospects.