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勘察加半岛位于欧洲板块、北美板块和太平洋板块交汇的过渡带上,是世界火山活动最活跃的地区之一。其众多的热液系统不断的向地表释放地热气体和流体。以N2和CO2为主的地热气体也经常含有高浓度的H2,CH4和H2S。大气水和熔岩水构成了勘察加热泉水的主要源,水体温度从20℃到>90℃不等。水化学性质变化同样显著,pH范围从3.1到9.8。热泉水溶解盐以氯化钠为主,同时包括K+,H3BO3,H4SiO4,Ca2+和SO42-等其他多种溶解组分。此区域也有以直链烷烃为主的石油形成。从勘察加的热泉系统中已分离出至少24种嗜热微生物。尽管其中大多数是异养微生物,但根据其生存环境的特点,自养微生物在热泉系统中可能同样很多。这些微生物对碳、硫和铁在热液系统中的生物地球化学循环有着非常重要的作用。目前,非培养的方法和生物定量的手段已用来研究勘察加热泉中微生物生态及其所具有的生物地球化学功能。
The Kamchatka Peninsula lies on the transitional zone where the European plate, the North American plate and the Pacific plate meet, making it one of the most active volcanic regions in the world. Its numerous hydrothermal systems continually release geothermal gases and fluids to the surface. Geothermal gases dominated by N2 and CO2 also often contain high concentrations of H2, CH4 and H2S. Atmospheric water and lava water constitute the main source for the investigation of heated springs, with water temperatures ranging from 20 ° C to> 90 ° C. Changes in water chemistry are equally significant, with pH ranging from 3.1 to 9.8. Hot spring dissolved water to sodium chloride-based, including K +, H3BO3, H4SiO4, Ca2 + and SO42- and many other dissolved components. This area also has a linear alkane-based oil formation. At least 24 thermophilic microorganisms have been isolated from the thermal spring system in Chaga. Although most of them are heterotrophic microorganisms, autotrophic microorganisms may be equally abundant in hot spring systems, depending on their habitat characteristics. These microorganisms play a very important role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, sulfur and iron in hydrothermal systems. Currently, non-cultured methods and bio-quantitative methods have been used to study the microbial ecology in the thermal springs and their biogeochemical functions.