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蒙古大军的三次西征,以及降服畏兀儿、并吞西夏、征服金朝、招服吐蕃、平定大理、灭亡南宋的一系列军事行动,使传统中国与北部草原、青藏高原、云贵高原及西域等广阔的土地在同一政权下统一起来。在这样一个幅员辽阔的大帝国之内,亚欧陆地境域得到全面开放,从而为族群迁徙与流动提供了良好的空间。领土广袤、族类众多的元朝,为中华多元社会的形成奠定了基础。由于历史因素、经济结构和文化的差异,元代进入中土的诸族群相继分别形成自己的聚居区。此时西域回回族类的东迁及其在中华大地上的重新整合,不仅致使中土族群关系和族群结构发生较大变化,而且因其以军士、官吏、工匠、商旅、技师、教士、使节、驱口等身份渗透于元朝社会结构的各个层面,故而亦对社会多元化产生了重大影响,并使之成为元代地方多元社会构建的一个显著特征。特别是元之都城、商埠,其表现尤为突出。杭州是元朝南方政治统治之重心所在,国之经济枢纽,其时商业繁盛,人烟稠密,亦是西域族类主要聚居地之一。回回人于此建有较大的社区,他们集聚于特定的区域,社区成员间多具有同类意识,与其他族类形成一定的文化边界。对其人口结构、政治地位、经济活动、礼拜寺院、社会风俗和文化影响的系统考察,即可展现元大一统下地方多元社会区域性文化社区的基本面貌。
The three expeditions of the Mongol armies and a series of military operations that surrendered fearless children, annexed Xixia, conquered the Jin Dynasty, appealed to Tubo, put down Dali, and perished in the Southern Song Dynasty made traditional China and the northern grasslands, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Western Regions The vast land is united under the same regime. In such a vast empire, the territories of Asia and Europe have been fully opened to the outside world, thus providing a good space for ethnic migration and mobility. The vast territory and numerous ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty laid the foundation for the formation of a pluralistic society in China. Due to historical factors, economic structure and cultural differences, the ethnic groups that entered the Middle-earth in the Yuan Dynasty successively formed their own enclaves. At this time, the relocation of the Hui clans in the Western Regions and their reorganization on the vast land of China not only led to great changes in the relations and ethnic structure of the Chinese and Turkish communities, but also caused great changes in the relations between ethnic groups and ethnic groups. , Such as driving the identity of the infiltration in all aspects of the social structure of the Yuan Dynasty, it also has a significant impact on social diversification, and make it into the Yuan Dynasty multi-local social construction is a significant feature. In particular, the capital city, commercial port, its performance is particularly prominent. As the economic center of the southern political rule in the Yuan Dynasty, Hangzhou was the economic hub of the country. Commercial prosperity and crowdedness were the hallmarks of Hangzhou. It was also one of the major settlements for ethnic groups in the Western Regions. The returnees built a larger community there. They gathered in specific areas, with more awareness among community members and a certain cultural boundary with other ethnic groups. A systematic examination of its demographic structure, political status, economic activity, temples, social customs and cultural influences can reveal the basic features of the regional multicultural community under the unification of the Yuan and Yuan dynasties.