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目的了解东平县麻疹的流行病学特征,查明引起麻疹发病的主要原因,探究麻疹防控措施,有效地保护易感人群。方法对东平县2007—2016年麻疹疫情发病资料采用描述性研究方法进行分析。结果 2007—2016年东平县麻疹发病主要集中在西部地区,发病季节主要在3~5月,发病年龄主要集中在≤1岁的婴幼儿和≥20岁的成人这两个阶段,共115例病例,占总发病数的67.65%。<8月龄占总发病数的22.94%,1岁以内占总发病数的40%,1~6岁占22.94%,7~15岁占9.41%,15~20岁占0%,20岁以上占27.65%。8月龄~6岁儿童中未免疫的占60.94%,一次免疫的病例高达32.8%,而二次及以上免疫病例为6.25%,无免疫史不明确者。发病前7~21 d有医疗机构就诊史的病例高达65.29%。结论 0~6岁儿童和20岁以上成人是麻疹高发人群,加强医院内感染的预防控制、麻疹病例及密切接触者的管理工作,提高适龄儿童麻疹疫苗接种率(95%以上),定期对免疫空白儿童进行查漏补种,认真落实儿童入托入学查验预防接种证制度,可有效控制麻疹的发病。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Dongping County, to identify the main causes of measles, to explore measles prevention and control measures, and to effectively protect the susceptible population. Methods Descriptive method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of measles in Dongping County from 2007 to 2016. Results The incidence of measles in Dongping County from 2007 to 2016 was mainly in the western region. The onset season was mainly from March to May. The onset age was mainly in two stages: infants ≤ 1 year old and adults ≥ 20 years old. A total of 115 cases , Accounting for 67.65% of the total number of cases. <8 months, accounting for 22.94% of the total number of cases, within 1 year of age, 40% of the total number of cases, 1 to 6 years old, 22.94%, 7 to 15 years old, 9.41%, 15 to 20 years old, 0% Accounting for 27.65%. Among the children aged 8 months to 6 years, 60.94% were unimmunized, 32.8% were immunized, and 6.25% were immunized twice or more. There was no definite history of immunization. The incidence of medical institutions before the onset of 7 to 21 d cases as high as 65.29%. Conclusions Children aged 0 ~ 6 years and adults over 20 years old are the high incidence of measles. The prevention and control of nosocomial infections, the management of measles cases and close contacts are strengthened, and the measles vaccination rate (over 95%) for school-age children is improved. Blank children leak detection replanting, conscientiously implement the child enrollment examination vaccination certificate system, which can effectively control the incidence of measles.