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采用盆栽试验,以药用菊花为供试材料,选用酰胺态氮[CO(NH_2)_2-N]、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)和铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为供试氮肥,分别设定3个氮素水平,采用L9(34)正交设计,研究氮素营养对药用菊花氮代谢、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:氮素形态对药用菊花氮代谢、产量和品质的影响存在较大差异。酰胺态氮和硝态氮混合施用时药用菊花单株花序干重最大,铵态氮对菊花叶片NR活性、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白以及花序中绿原酸含量的影响较大,酰胺态氮对菊花叶片GS活性和花序中总黄酮含量的影响大于铵态氮和硝态氮,硝态氮对菊花花序木犀草苷含量的影响最大;处理5即施酰胺态氮1.5 g·pot~(-1)、铵态氮1.5 g·pot~(-1)、硝态氮3.0 g·pot~(-1)、总氮量6.0 g·pot~(-1)时,菊花花序中3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量高于缺氮处理近1倍。可见,氮素营养可提高药用菊花氮代谢关键酶活性和氮代谢产物,提高药用菊花成分含量和单株花序干重。
Pot experiments were conducted in this study. Medicinal chrysanthemums were used as experimental materials. Amide nitrogen [CO (NH_2) _2-N], nitrate nitrogen (NO_3 ~ - N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH_4 ~ + -N) Nitrogen fertilizer was applied to set three nitrogen levels. L9 (34) orthogonal design was used to study the effects of nitrogen nutrition on nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of medicinal chrysanthemum. The results showed that the effects of nitrogen forms on nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of medicinal chrysanthemum were quite different. Amylose nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen mixed medicinal chrysanthemum when the largest single plant inflorescences dry weight, ammonium nitrogen on chrysanthemum NR activity, free amino acids, soluble protein and inflorescence chlorogenic acid content of greater impact, amide nitrogen The activities of GS in chrysanthemum leaves and the total flavonoids in inflorescence were greater than those in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen had the most significant influence on the content of luteolin in chrysanthemum inflorescence. Treatment 5 was 1.5 g · pot -1 ), 1.5 g · pot -1 of ammonium nitrogen, 3.0 g · pot -1 of nitrate nitrogen and 6.0 g · pot -1 of total nitrogen, the content of 3,5-O - Double caffeoylquinic acid content higher than the nitrogen treatment nearly doubled. Can be seen that nitrogen nutrition can improve the medicinal chrysanthemum nitrogen metabolism key enzyme activity and nitrogen metabolites, improve medicinal chrysanthemum composition and dry weight per plant.