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肝硬化门静脉高压引起食管下段及胃底静脉曲张破裂是消化道出血的常见原因之一,已为大家熟知.但门静脉高压所致罕见部位静脉曲张及门静脉系统某一分枝阻塞引起局部性门静脉高压静脉曲张破裂而出现的消化道出血、血腹、阴道出血、血尿等却易被忽略,至今有关报道甚少.现将此问题作一概述,以引起临床注意.罕见部位静脉曲张不但可发生于胃肠道的各部,尚可见于胃肠道之外,如腹膜、胆道系统、阴道,膀胱及肾盂、输尿管等处(见表).有关罕见部位静脉曲张的发生率,各家报道不一,有人统计肝硬化患者发生率为1～3%,而肝外门静脉高压者明显增高,达20～30%,如在门静脉高压基础上又有腹部或盆腔手术,则发生率更高.另有报道,罕见部位静脉曲张如:胃孤立静脉曲张、十二指肠静脉曲张、空
Cirrhosis portal hypertension caused by lower esophageal and gastric varices is a common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding has been well known.But due to portal hypertension and varicose veins of a rare part of the portal system caused by partial portal hypertension Varicose veins and the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding, blood, abdominal bleeding, hematuria, but it is easy to be ignored, so far little reported.This issue is now an overview to bring clinical attention.Various varicose veins may not only occur in Department of the gastrointestinal tract, still visible in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the peritoneum, biliary system, vagina, bladder and renal pelvis, ureter, etc. (see table.) The incidence of varicose veins in rare parts, different reports, Some statistics of the incidence of cirrhosis in patients with 1 to 3%, while extrahepatic portal hypertension were significantly increased, up to 20 to 30%, such as in the portal hypertension and abdominal surgery or pelvic surgery, the incidence is higher.Also reported , Rare parts of varicose veins such as: gastric varicose veins, duodenal varices, empty