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一、功能主义者白芝浩白芝浩(Walter Bagehot)生于1826年,卒于1877年。在那个时代,现代学科分类已经开始浮现,但学科间壁垒尚未森严。白芝浩在今天的经济学、社会学、政治学和公法学领域都是著名的历史人物。据我有限的阅读经验,他在经济学领域里的知名度,主要来自于他长期担任《经济学人》(Economist)的主编。就原创性思想的贡献而言,经济学史上群星璀璨,很难找到他的位置。在社会学领域,同样主张将进化论应用于人类社会,白芝浩的影响远远不及有“达尔文之斗犬”之称的同时代人斯宾塞(Herbert Spencer,1820-1903)。在政治学领域,他在后
First, the functionalist White Shiro Hiroshi (Walter Bagehot) was born in 1826, died in 1877. At that time, the classification of modern subjects began to emerge, but barriers between disciplines have not yet been strictly observed. Shiraho is a famous historical figure in today’s fields of economics, sociology, politics and public law. According to my limited reading experience, his popularity in the field of economics comes mainly from his longtime role as chief editor of The Economist. As far as the contribution of original ideas is concerned, the bright stars in the history of economics make it hard to find his place. In the field of sociology, the same assertion applies evolutionism to human society. The impact of Pak Shiu-ho is far behind that of Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), who is also known as the “dog of Darwin.” In politics, he is behind