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在乌拉尔有色冶金工业中,综合利用原料方面的最大成就是在铜行业取得的。炼铜企业是化工和冶金兼备的生产单位,两者的产品品种大致相等。50%以上的产品值是在原料综合处理的基础上得到的,将19种矿物组份经综合处理可获得22种产品。在选矿过程中回收9种组份,即铜、锌、铁和硫选入同名精矿;镉和铟选入锌精矿;贵金属基本上集中于黄铁矿精矿;钒选入钒铁精矿。在随后的加工过程中还回收10种组份:稀有金属(硒和碲)回收入工业用合金;铅和铋收入水冶浸渣;锗收入静电除尘器粉尘和精矿;镍收入镍盐;锡收入锌粉和粗青铜,以及铂、钯和硫。由废气中回收硫,可制造硫酸,并在其基础上组织生产磷肥。各加工过程回收基本金属和硫的指标达到国内外最佳水平。按照我们的计算,可供据以评价无废料生产程度的原料利用率,在选矿过程中为60%,在冶炼过程为51%。矿物原料的综合利用率达56.7%。
In the Ural non-ferrous metallurgy industry, the biggest achievement in the comprehensive utilization of raw materials is made in the copper industry. Copper smelting enterprises are both chemical and metallurgical production units, both roughly equal types of products. More than 50% of the value of the product is obtained on the basis of comprehensive treatment of raw materials, and 22 kinds of products can be obtained through comprehensive treatment of 19 kinds of mineral components. In the beneficiation process, nine components were recovered, namely, copper, zinc, iron and sulfur were selected into concentrates of the same name; cadmium and indium were selected for zinc concentrates; precious metals were mainly concentrated in pyrite concentrates; vanadium was selected for ferrovanadium mine. Ten additional components were recovered during the subsequent processing: rare metals (selenium and tellurium) were recycled into industrial alloys; lead and bismuth were recovered from water-smelting leachate; germanium income electrostatic precipitator dusts and concentrates; nickel income nickel salts; Tin income zinc powder and rough bronze, and platinum, palladium and sulfur. Recovery of sulfur from the exhaust gas, sulfuric acid can be made, and on the basis of the organization of production of phosphate fertilizer. The recovery of basic metals and sulfur indicators of the processing process to achieve the best level at home and abroad. According to our calculations, the utilization rate of raw materials that can be used to evaluate the production of non-waste materials is 60% in the beneficiation process and 51% in the smelting process. The comprehensive utilization of mineral raw materials reached 56.7%.