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看外国留学生的作业和作文,不时会发现一些不合格的句子。这类句子有的可以用现成的理论作答案给以解释,有的则找不到现成的答案。这时就得自己动手、动脑去寻求答案,从而也就有了研究的课题。 “南开大学是一所真好的学校” 这句话中“真好”用得别扭,如果改成“很好”或“非常好”就可以了。后者是“副+形”型的偏正词组,“真好”也是“副+形”型的偏正词组。为什么后者可以,前者不行呢?要说清这个道理并非易事,因为语法论著中还没有现成的答案。 笔者经过研究,发现“真+A”结构能作谓语,却不能作定语。试比较: 南开大学真好:*南开大学是一所真好的学校 这朵花真漂亮:*这是一朵真漂亮的花 这座楼真高:*这是一座真高的楼 这小伙子真帅:*这是个真帅的小伙子 左边一行都能说,右边一行都不能说,找原因,发现左边一行“真A”作谓语,而右边
Look at homework and composition of foreign students, from time to time will find some unqualified sentences. Some of these sentences can be explained in terms of ready-made theories, while others can not find readily available answers. Then you have to do it yourself, brain to find the answer, which also has the research topic. “Nankai University is a good school,” the phrase “really good” with an awkward, if changed to “very good” or “very good” on it. The latter is a “vice + shaped” type of biased straight phrase, “good” is also a “vice + shaped” type of biased straight phrase. Why the latter can, the former not? To clarify this truth is not easy, because there is no ready-made answer to grammatical theory. After studying, I found that “True + A” structure can be predicate, but can not be used as attributive. Try comparison: Nankai nice: * Nankai University is a good school this flower is really beautiful: * This is a really beautiful flower This building is really high: * This is a really tall building this guy really Handsome: * This is a very cool young man can say the left line, the right line can not say, find the reason and found the left line “True A” as the predicate, while the right