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目的探讨沥青烟对作业工人肺功能及肺纹理的影响。方法收集某铝厂职工基本资料,选择炭素分厂生阳极车间接触沥青烟工人53名作为观察组,另外选择本厂非沥青烟作业职工50名作为对照组,进行肺功能检查和胸片拍摄。结果观察组肺活量(VC)、最大自主通气量(MVV)实测值和其预测值的百分比与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组1秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)实测值和其预测值的百分比与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);FEV1实测值和其预测值的百分比与接触工龄呈负相关(r=-0.321,P<0.05);MVV实测值和其预测值的百分比与接触工龄呈负相关(r=-0.287,P<0.05)。观察组肺纹理改变胸片检出率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触工龄5~20年组和>20年组胸片肺纹理改变检出率分别与<5年组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论沥青烟可能引起作业工人肺功能和X线肺纹理改变,且随接触工龄的延长,改变更明显。
Objective To investigate the effect of asphalt smoke on lung function and lung texture in workers. Methods The basic information of workers in an aluminum plant was collected. Fifty-three employees who were exposed to the asphalt smoke from the anodic plant of the Carbon Plant were selected as the observation group. Fifty workers who were non-asphaltic smoke workers were selected as the control group for lung function test and chest radiography. Results The percentage of vital capacity (VC) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in observation group and its predicted value were significantly different from those in control group (P <0.05). The forced expiratory volume in one second (P <0.01). The percentage of FEV1 between the measured value and its predicted value was negatively correlated with the length of service (r = -0.321, P < 0.05). The percentage of MVV measured and its predicted value was negatively correlated with the length of service (r = -0.287, P <0.05). The detection rate of chest X-ray in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05) The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Asphaltenes smoke may cause lung function and X-ray lung texture changes in workers, and with the extension of exposure to service, the change is more obvious.