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运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了在水稻单作(R)、稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)3种不同稻作方式下稻田杂草群落的特征.结果表明:糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻;R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对鸭舌草、节节菜等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制杂草效果显著优于其他稻作方式,杂草的物种丰富度及Shannon多样性指数显著降低,Pielou均匀度指数提高,表明群落物种组成发生了很大的改变,降低了原来优势杂草的发生,是一种较好的可达到抑制杂草效果的稻作方式.
Using the methods of semi-experiment and investigation, taking the glutinous rice and hybrid rice in the traditional agricultural area of Congjiang County, Guizhou Province as an example, the effects of single-cropping (R), rice-fish (RF) RFD) were used to study the characteristics of weed communities in paddy soils under three different types of rice cultivation. The results showed that the ability of weedy rice to inhibit weeds was better than that of hybrid rice under three rice cultivation methods. RFD significantly reduced the density of weeds in the field. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of Monochamus alternatus, Artemia nigra etc. was 100%, the weed control effect was significantly better than that of other rice ways, the species richness and Shannon’s diversity index of weeds were significantly decreased, Pielou evenness index was increased, Species composition has undergone great changes, reducing the occurrence of the original advantages of weeds, is a better way to achieve weed suppression effect of rice.