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结核性脑膜炎(以下简称结脑)是结核病中最严重的一种病型。主要见于1～5岁小儿。根据病情发展分三期,早期(前驱期),主要表现是发热、精神改变、头痛、呕吐、腹泻、便秘等。中期(脑膜刺激期),主要表现是上述症状加重,意识逐渐模糊,并出现明显的脑膜刺激症状,亦可伴有颅神经损害,如外展神经麻痹出现斜视,并可有惊厥。晚期(昏迷期),神智障碍加重最后昏迷,惊厥频繁,有明显的颅内压增高,呼吸不规则,颅神经瘫痪及肢体瘫痪等。自发现链霉素和异烟肼等抗痨药以来,结脑预后虽有很大进步,但如不能早期诊断和适当治疗,死亡率仍然很高,即
Tuberculous meningitis (hereinafter referred to as knot brain) is the most serious type of tuberculosis. Mainly seen in children 1 to 5 years old. According to the development of the disease in three phases, early (precursor period), the main manifestations of fever, mental changes, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. Mid (meningeal irritation), the main manifestations of the above symptoms aggravate the consciousness gradually blurred and obvious symptoms of meningeal irritation may also be associated with cranial nerve damage, such as strabismus in the emergence of paralysis and may have convulsions. Late (coma), the mentally retarded aggravate the last coma, frequent convulsions, increased intracranial pressure, irregular breathing, cranial nerve paralysis and limb paralysis. Since the discovery of antibiotics such as streptomycin and isoniazid, although the prognosis of tuberculous meningitis has greatly improved, the mortality rate is still high if it can not be diagnosed and treated properly