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【目的】探讨3~14岁屈光不正儿童屈光状态的分布规律,以便及早发现及治疗屈光不正。【方法】对本院门诊就诊的3~14岁1 075例(2 150眼)屈光不正患儿予以散瞳检影验光检查,得出准确的屈光度数并对数据进行统计分析。【结果】学龄前儿童以远视眼为主,特别是复性远视散光最为多见,学龄期儿童近视眼明显增多,其中复性近视散光最多。3~6岁组无论近视还是远视均无性别差异,7~14岁组轻度近视儿童中男童近视率明显多于女童,差异有非常显著性(P<0.05)。中高度近视及远视眼无性别差异(P>0.05)。随年龄的增长散光眼逐渐减少,散光中以顺规散光最为多见。【结论】儿童的屈光状态随年龄在不断的变化,故需追踪观察,眼镜定期更换。学龄期屈光不正儿童中近视所占的比例最多,应加大眼保健知识方面的宣传力度,发现问题及时治疗,降低近视的发病率。
【Objective】 To investigate the distribution of refractive state in children aged 3-14 years with refractive errors in order to detect and treat refractive errors as soon as possible. 【Methods】 Mydriatic retinoscopy was performed on 1 075 (2 150 eyes) of 3 ~ 14 years old aged 3 ~ 14 years in our hospital. The accurate diopters were obtained and the data were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 Preschoolers were mainly hyperopia, especially reflex hyperopic astigmatism was the most common, school-age children significantly increased myopia, of which the most refraction myopic astigmatism. There was no difference in gender between myopia and hyperopia in 3 ~ 6 years old group. There was a significant difference in myopia rate among boys with mild myopia in 7 ~ 14 years old group (P <0.05). High myopia and hyperopia no gender differences (P> 0.05). With age, astigmatism gradually decreased, with astigmatism in the most common astigmatism. 【Conclusion】 The refractive status of children changes continually with age, so follow-up observation is required and the glasses should be changed regularly. School-age children with refractive errors accounted for the largest proportion of myopia, eye health should increase awareness of publicity efforts to identify problems in a timely manner to reduce the incidence of myopia.