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所谓“开发”，是各民族人民对某一地区自然资源的创造性利用。从这个意义上说，早在旧石器时代，湘西地区的开发活动就开始了。本文从历史的角度，对湘西地区先秦时期、秦汉至唐羁縻时期、五代至清初土司时期、“改土归流”与“苗防屯政”时期、清末和民国时期的开发活动进行了梳理和简要述评，最后总结其历史经验。
The so-called “development” is the creative utilization of the natural resources of various ethnic groups in a certain area. In this sense, as early as the Paleolithic period, development activities in western Hunan began. From a historical point of view, this paper analyzes the development activities during the period from pre-Qin period, Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, from the Five Dynasties to the early Qing Dynasty, during the periods of “changing the soil and rejuvenating the Miaofun village” and in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. And a brief commentary, the last summation of its historical experience.