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呼吸系统是直接对外环境开放的系统,致病原容易通过呼吸道进入体内而造成疾病。在健康人中,大多数微生物的侵袭可被宿主的免疫屏障(如皮肤黏膜屏障)、可溶性分子(如补体)和细胞成分(如吞噬细胞、树突状细胞、NK细胞等)组成的固有免疫系统及数量巨大的淋巴细胞组成的适应性免疫系统所清除。但在诸如人类免疫缺陷病毒(H IV)感染、器官移植受者、癌症、胶原血管病、重症等机体免疫系统受到损害的免疫妥协宿主,尤其容易发生由细菌、真菌、病毒等病原体造成的肺部感染。
Respiratory system is directly open to the external environment of the system, the pathogen easily through the respiratory tract into the body and cause disease. In healthy individuals, most microbial invasions can be innate immunity consisting of the host’s immune barrier (such as the mucocutaneous barrier), soluble molecules (such as complement) and cellular components (such as phagocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, etc.) System and a large number of lymphocytes composed of adaptive immune system cleared. However, in immunocompromised hosts such as human immunodeficiency virus (H IV) infection, organ transplant recipients, cancer, collagen vascular disease, severe disease and the like, the compromised immune system is particularly prone to lungs caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses Department of infection.