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目的了解天津市河北区手足口病流行特征,为开展相应防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法和SPSS13.0统计软件包对数据进行分析。结果天津市河北区2012-2014年共报告手足口病1 638例,总发病率为62.73/10万,各年间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.096,P<0.01)。聚集性疫情65起,无重症及死亡病例。呈双峰流行,6-7月达到高峰,9月为次高峰;城乡接合部为高发区域;病例集中在0~6岁,占全部病例数的87.55%;职业分布上以托幼儿童和散居儿童为主(86.81%);男女性别比为1.53∶1,性别发病差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);聚集性疫情主动报告率较低;主导病原型别在各年间分布略有不同。结论手足口病的防控应针对高发季节重点防控,加大城乡接合部健康教育力度,同时加强托幼机构的监测和管理,提高聚集性疫情的主动报告率,积极落实防控措施。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Hebei District of Tianjin and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control work. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and SPSS 13.0 statistical package were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 1 638 HFMD cases were reported in Hebei District of Tianjin from 2012 to 2014, with a total incidence of 62.73 / 100 000. There was significant difference in the incidence rates between years (χ ~ 2 = 17.096, P <0.01). Aggregated epidemic 65 cases, no severe cases and deaths. Peaked in June-July and sub-peaked in September. The urban-rural junction was a high-incidence area. The cases were concentrated in 0-6 years old, accounting for 87.55% of the total cases. The distribution of occupations was mainly composed of nurseries and children (86.81%). The sex ratio of men and women was 1.53:1. There was no significant difference in the incidence of sex between the sexes (P> 0.05). The rate of initiatively reporting of aggregated epidemic was low. The prevalence of dominant pathogen was slightly different in different years. Conclusion Prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease should focus on the prevention and control of high incidence season, increase the intensity of urban and rural health education department, while strengthening the monitoring and management of child care institutions to improve the aggregation rate of the initiative to report the incidence and actively implement prevention and control measures.