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(一) 在降雨洪水类型的河流,流量过程线一般均呈多峰形状,当研究和分析洪峰流量频率时,如果每年仅取最大的一个洪峰流量作为统计样品(简称“年洪峰法”),就会使多数次大洪峰在分析时被忽略。因此,用这种选样的方法来研究降雨类型的洪水,是不够全面的。此外,由于年洪峰法在应用上还存在一定缺点,即对决定稀遇洪水的重现期来说,会有很大的误差,特别是在欲求的重现期要比所研究河流的实测纪录年份还长时。为了弥补这个缺点,国际上有些水文学家们主张采用“一切洪峰法”或“月洪峰法”,来估算稀遇洪水的频率。所谓“一切洪峰法”,就是把“比前后所有日子都大的日平均流量(24小时的平均流量),称为洪峰流量”,作为选取的对象。但由于收集全部洪峰资料,有着大量繁琐的工作,因而改用月洪峰法(每月只取一个最大的洪峰),并且通过实践,证
(1) In the process of rainfall-flood type rivers, the flow process lines generally have multi-peak shapes. When studying and analyzing the peak flow frequency, if only one of the maximum peak flow rates is taken as a statistical sample (referred to as “annual flood peak method” Most floods will be ignored in the analysis. Therefore, it is not comprehensive enough to study the type of rainfall in this type of sampling. In addition, there are still some shortcomings in the application of the Hongfeng method, that is, there is a big error in determining the recurrence of rare floods, especially in the expected reproduction period than the recorded river records The year is still long. To compensate for this shortcoming, some international hydrologists advocate the use of “all flood laws” or “monthly flood laws” to estimate the frequency of rare floods. The so-called “all Hongfeng Law” refers to “the daily average flow (24-hour average flow) larger than all the days before and after the flood peak flow” as the target of selection. However, due to collect all the peak data, there are a lot of tedious work, so use the moon peak method (only take one of the largest peak per month), and through practice, card