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为提高吸油材料的经济性并减少吸油材料在使用过程中潜在的二次污染,以正硅酸乙酯为原料,乙醇和水为溶剂,硫酸和氢氧化钠为催化剂,聚酯纤维毡为基底材料,通过溶胶-凝胶法和二氧化碳超临界干燥工艺,得到了新型的低密度气凝胶复合毡材料。用FTIR、SEM等分析手段,对复合毡进行了表征,并对复合毡的吸油率、保油率、吸油速率及回收方法进行了分析。实验结果表明:该复合材料具有较高的吸油速率和吸油率,在油水选择性、受压保油性方面明显优于传统吸油材料,并可通过二氧化碳超临界干燥工艺,回收废油且再生气凝胶复合毡材料。该新型吸油材料与超临界干燥工艺的配合,为废油回收处理开辟了一种高效无污染的新方法。
In order to improve the economy of the oil absorption material and reduce the potential secondary pollution during the use of the oil absorption material, ethyl orthosilicate is used as a raw material, ethanol and water as a solvent, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, and polyester fiber felt as a substrate Materials, by sol - gel method and carbon dioxide supercritical drying process, a new type of low density airgel composite felt material. The composite felt was characterized by means of FTIR and SEM. The oil absorption rate, oil retention rate, oil absorption rate and recovery method of composite felt were also analyzed. The experimental results show that the composite material has higher oil absorption rate and oil absorption rate, which is obviously better than the traditional oil absorption material in the selective and compressive oil-water retention of the oil-water, and can recover the waste oil and regenerate the air-oil by the supercritical carbon dioxide drying process Plastic composite felt material. The new oil-absorbing materials and supercritical drying process with the waste oil for recycling has opened up an efficient and pollution-free new method.