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应用15N稳定性同位素示踪技术,研究了15N-菜籽饼肥和15N-秸秆肥与无机肥不同配比和不同施肥方法等不同处理中烤烟对饼肥和秸秆肥中氮素的吸收利用效果。结果表明:(1)烤烟各器官来自肥料的氮(ND-FF%)随着饼肥和秸秆肥施用量的增加而增加,且有顶杈>上部叶>中部叶>下部叶>茎>根的趋势;(2)烤烟对饼肥中氮素利用率显著高于秸秆肥,饼肥组合中在下部叶成熟时达到高峰,以后稍有降低,且以25%饼肥+75%硝铵全基施利用率最高,达到40.07%。秸秆肥组合中以25%秸秆肥+75%全基施利用率最高,且各处理烟株整个生育期利用率持续上升,不利于上部烟叶落黄成熟;(3)秸秆肥处理的回收率较饼肥处理的普遍要高,都在90%左右,土壤残留率高,不利于前期烟草的生长。饼肥处理中以25%饼肥+75%硝铵全基施的回收率较高,达到81.80%;(4)土壤“AN”值以25%饼肥+75%硝铵基追各半和25%秸秆肥+75%硝铵基追各半最高,说明土壤有机肥施用量不宜偏高,一般以保持中等施肥水平较好。
The effects of 15N-Rapeseed cake fertilizer, 15N-stalk fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer with different proportions and different fertilization methods on nitrogen absorption and utilization of cake fertilizer and straw fertilizer were studied by using 15N stable isotope tracing technique. The results showed that: (1) Nitrogen (ND-FF%) of fertilizer from various organs of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of the application of cake fertilizer and straw fertilizer, and there were the top twigs> the upper leaves> the middle leaves> the lower leaves> the roots> (2) The utilization of nitrogen in the cake was significantly higher than that of the straw by the flue-cured tobacco, while the peak of the lower leaves reached the peak when the lower leaves matured at the later stage, and then decreased slightly with the rate of 25% cake fertilizer + 75% ammonium nitrate The highest, reaching 40.07%. The utilization rate of 25% straw fertilizer + 75% of the total basal fertilizer in the combination of straw and fertilizer was the highest, and the utilization rate of tobacco plants throughout the growing period continued to increase, which was unfavorable for the yellowing of the upper tobacco leaf. (3) The recovery rate of straw fertilizer was Cake fertilizer treatment generally high, are about 90%, high residual rate of soil, is not conducive to the growth of pre-tobacco. In the cake fertilizer treatment, the recovery rate of 25% cake fertilizer + 75% ammonium nitrate was 81.80%; (4) The soil “AN” value was chased by 25% cake fertilizer + 75% ammonium nitrate by half and 25% straw Fertilizer + 75% ammonium nitrate chasing each half of the highest, indicating that the amount of soil organic fertilizer should not be high, generally to maintain a good level of moderate fertilization.