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目的:探讨北京市社区婴儿家庭母亲自我效能感状况及影响因素。方法:采用随机抽样的方法对北京市海淀区、石景山区4家社区卫生服务中心270名婴儿家庭进行家庭养育和母亲自我效能感问卷调查。结果:本次调查以35岁以下(89.23%)母亲分娩的6月龄婴儿为主(66.67%),多为固定(74.07%)祖辈带养(57.99%)的三代同堂(57.92%)家庭,父母以大学及以上学历(88.52%和89.63%)为主。单因素分析显示母亲亲自带养、核心家庭、高文化水平、生育年龄偏大和每日带养孩子时间长的母亲具有较高的自我效能感(P<0.05);多因素分析显示养育人固定与否、母亲本次生育年龄和文化程度对母亲养育自我效能感影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对不同的家庭模式及父母受教育程度,采取不同的亲子宣教模式,改善家庭育儿环境,提高母亲养育自我效能感,以促进安全母婴依恋关系的建立与发展。
Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of self-efficacy of infants and mothers in community in Beijing. Methods: A total of 270 infant families from 4 community health service centers in Haidian District and Shijingshan District of Beijing were surveyed by random sampling method. Results: The survey mainly focused on six-month-old infants (66.67%) delivered by mothers under 35 years old (89.07%), mostly three generations (57.92%) with fixed (74.07%) grandparents , Parents with college and higher education (88.52% and 89.63%) based. Univariate analysis showed that mothers with mother-to-be-brought-up, core family, high education level, older childbearing age and daily longer mothers had higher self-efficacy (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that parenting No, there was significant difference in mothers’ self-efficacy and mothers’ mothers’ reproductive age (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to different family patterns and parental education levels, different parenting and child rearing patterns have been adopted to improve the family rearing environment and improve motherhood self-efficacy so as to promote the establishment and development of safe maternal and child attachment.