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在黄河上游甘青地区广泛分布的、以卓越的彩陶艺术为特征的新石器文化遗存,学术界通常称之为马家窑文化。它包括马家窑、半山和马厂三个类型,这三个类型也依次为马家窑文化在时间历程中的先后三个时期。但是,在马家窑、半山和马厂诸类型文化的区分及其相互关系的问题上,仍然存在着多种观点。考古学家夏鼐先生曾提出:“我以为后二者是一个文化的前后紧接相承的两期遗存,可以称为‘半山——马厂文化’。马家窑类型在陶器的形式和纹饰方面另具一种面貌,或可称为马家窑文化。”我认为夏鼐先生的这一观点仍是值得重视的.本文即采用夏先生提出的“半山——马厂文化”的名称。以便于对盛行于半山——马厂时期、而显然有别于马家窑时期的彩陶艺术纹样及其所呈现的观念内涵的具体研究。 半山——马厂文化彩陶艺术以大圆圈纹、锯齿纹,漩涡纹、波浪纹等为最流行的纹样母题.只有具体分析这些纹样母题的表现内容,才能揭示半山——马厂文化彩陶艺术的观念主题。
The Neolithic relics, which are widely distributed in the Gansu area on the upper reaches of the Yellow River and are characterized by the outstanding pottery art, are commonly called the Majiayao culture. It includes three types of Majiayao, Banshan and Machang, and the three types are the three successive periods of Majiayao culture in the course of time. However, there are still many perspectives on the distinctions and interrelationships among the various types of culture in Majiayao, Banshan and Machang. Archean Xia Tuan had put forward: “I think the latter two are a cultural heritage of the ensuing two period remains, can be called ’Mid-mountain horse factory culture’. Majiayao type in the form of pottery and Another aspect of ornamentation, or may be called Majiayao culture. ”I think Mr. Xia Yu’s point of view is still worthy of attention.This article is the use of Mr. Xia’s“ Mid-mountain - Ma culture ”name . So as to make a detailed study of the patterns of painted pottery and the connotations of the concepts they present prevailing in the period of the Mid- Mid-mountain - Ma factory culture pottery art to the large circle pattern, zigzag pattern, swirl pattern, wave pattern, etc. as the most popular motif.Only specific analysis of these patterns motif performance content, in order to reveal Mid-Levels - Ma plant culture Conceptual theme of art.