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前列腺癌最常用的筛查方法是前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的检测。但多个研究发现PSA筛查前列腺癌的假阳性率和假阴性率均较高，存在PSA检测过度应用的问题。自身抗体在癌症早期出现，伴随肿瘤的发生发展，具有半衰期长、易于检测等优点，已有研究报道自身抗体可用于前列腺癌的诊断，并与前列腺癌患者的Gleason分级、总生存期（OS）等预后指标相关。检索纳入8篇关于单个自身抗体在前列腺癌诊断和预后中作用的研究，大多数报道的单个自身抗体对前列腺癌的诊断性能优于PSA，联合应用可提高诊断效能；有些自身抗体与较差的预后相关。“,”Detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used screening method for prostate cancer. However, many studies have found that the false positive rate and false negative rate of PSA detection for prostate cancer screening are very high, which easily leads to the overuse of PSA detection. Autoantibodies appear at the early stage of cancer, accompany the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. Autoantibodies have a long half-life and are easy to detect. Existing studies have found that autoantibodies can be used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and correlated with some prognostic indicators such as Gleason grade and overall survival (OS) of prostate cancer patients. This paper summarized 8 studies on the role of single autoantibody in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Most of the reported single autoantibodies have better diagnostic performance than PSA, and combined application could improve the diagnostic performance. Some autoantibodies are related to a poor prognosis of prostate cancer.