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芯片肺是以微流控芯片为基础，结合细胞生物学、材料科学和组织工程学等多学科技术，模拟人体肺部微环境的小型细胞培养装置。它不仅能弥补动物实验的不足，在药物试验中评估新药的疗效和毒理作用，还可构建肺疾病体外模型，为探讨呼吸系统疾病提供新的研究平台，具有广泛的应用前景。该文就芯片肺的结构、特点以及在呼吸系统疾病中的应用进行综述。“,”Lung-on-a-chip is a microdevice that replicates the functional unit of the living human lung, which is based on microfluidic model and combined with various disciplines such as cell biology, materials science, and tissue engineering.Lung-on-a-chip can not only evaluate the efficacy and toxicology of drugs in trials, making up for shortcomings of animal research, but also construct the vitro models of lung diseases, which provides a new platform for exploring respiratory diseases.It has great application prospects.The structure, characteristics and application of the chip will be introduced in this article.