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目的研究我国农村土壤镉高背景地区非镉职业暴露人群尿镉的正常值范围。方法在非环境镉污染区选择土壤镉高背景区,随机选择各性别及各个年龄段的非镉暴露人群1134人(男性519人,女性615人),进行流行病学调查以及采集随机尿样,检测尿镉及尿肌酐(Cr)含量,剔除Cr浓度<0.3 g/L以及>3 g/L的调查对象,分析尿镉的影响因素,按95%分位数计算人群经肌酐校正后的尿镉正常值范围。结果女性的尿镉水平显著高于男性,男性吸烟者尿镉水平显著高于男性不吸烟者(P<0.05),但P95值相差不大。无论男女,尿镉均值及P95均在15~30岁之间出现低谷,而在15岁以前以及30岁以后出现较高的尿镉负荷。按照15~30岁以及<15和≥30岁两个年龄段分析不同性别人群的尿镉上限值,<15和≥30岁女性的尿镉均值(4.18μg/gCr)及上限值(12.24μg/gCr)均明显高于其他人群的均值(<4μg/gCr)及上限值(<9μg/gCr);此外,所调查人群的95%尿镉上限值均超出了我国职业性镉中毒诊断标准(GBZ 17—2002)中的尿镉限值(5μg/gCr)。结论在土壤镉高背景地区,男性尿镉的95%正常值范围<9μg/gCr,女性尿镉的95%正常值范围<13μg/gCr。
Objective To study the normal range of urinary cadmium in non-cadmium occupational exposure population in rural areas of China with cadmium high background. Methods A total of 1134 non-cadmium exposed persons (519 males and 615 females) of various genders and all ages were selected randomly from non-environmental Cd-contaminated areas to carry out epidemiological investigation and random urine samples collection. The urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine (Cr) contents were measured. The subjects with Cr concentrations <0.3 g / L and> 3 g / L were excluded. The influencing factors of urinary cadmium were analyzed. Cadmium normal range. Results Urinary cadmium levels were significantly higher in females than in males. Urinary cadmium levels in male smokers were significantly higher than those in male non-smokers (P <0.05), but P95 values were similar. Both men and women, urinary cadmium mean and P95 were in the trough between the age of 15 to 30 years, and before the age of 15 and after 30 years of age higher urinary cadmium load. Urinary cadmium levels in different sex groups, mean urinary cadmium (4.18 μg / gCr) and upper limit (12.24) in women <15 and ≥30 years of age were analyzed according to ages 15 to 30 and <15 and ≥30 years of age μg / gCr) were significantly higher than the mean (<4μg / gCr) and the upper limit (<9μg / gCr) of other populations. In addition, 95% of the upper limits of urinary cadmium in the surveyed population exceeded the occupational cadmium poisoning Urinary cadmium limits (5 μg / gCr) in diagnostic criteria (GBZ 17-2002). Conclusions In the background of cadmium with high background, 95% of normal urinary cadmium concentration is <9μg / gCr in male and 95% of urinary cadmium in female is <13μg / gCr.