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现代人群形成与分化导致生活在世界不同地区的人类形成了具有明显体质特征差别的人群(或种族)。对更新世末期及全新世以来不同地理区域近代和现代人群体质特征差别、相互亲缘关系的分析是现代人群形成与分化研究的重要组成部分。本文通过对21项头骨非测量特征在近代和现代中国人群,以及现代非洲和欧洲人群共330例标本的出现率和表现特点的观察和数据分析,发现绝大多数特征的出现率或表现特点在三个人群间都具有不同程度的差异,有些特征在人群间的差异甚至非常明显。与非洲及欧洲人群相比,现代中国人头骨总体显得纤细,眉弓、角圆枕、颧三角、颧结节等反映头骨粗壮程度的特征在现代中国人群的发育明显弱于非洲和欧洲人群。此外,现代中国人群还具有一些明显不同于非洲和欧洲人群的头骨非测量特征,包括锐利的眶外下缘、相对平坦的眉间鼻根点、较圆隆的颅侧壁、平坦的顶孔人字区、深弧形的上颌颧突下缘,梯形和左右不一的鼻额-额颌缝走向等。采用判别分析可以将67.0%—79.5%的标本正确地判别归入其原来所属的组群。其中对中国人群的正确判别率分别达到70.4%和82.9%。个体标本分布显示非洲人群表现较大的分散性,而中国和欧洲人群样本的分布明显密集集中,提示中国和欧洲人群似乎具有更多的衍生性特征。本研究还发现多数在人群间差别显著的头骨非测量特征与头骨粗壮程度有关,作者对相关的问题进行了分析探讨。
The formation and differentiation of the modern population has led to the formation of populations (or races) with distinct physical characteristics that are living in different parts of the world. The analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the kinship of modern and modern people in different geographical regions since the end of the Pleistocene and the Holocene is an important part of the research on the formation and differentiation of the modern population. Based on observation and data analysis of the incidence and performance characteristics of 21 non-measurement characteristics of skulls in modern and modern Chinese and modern African and European populations, it is found that the appearance or performance characteristics of most of the features are All three groups have different degrees of difference, some of the characteristics of the differences between the population even very obvious. Compared with the African and European populations, modern Chinese skulls generally appear slender, eyebrow bow, occipital horn, zygomatic triangle, zygomatic nodules and other features reflecting the robustness of the skull in modern China population development was significantly weaker than in Africa and Europe. In addition, the modern Chinese population also has some non-measured skull features that are significantly different from those in Africa and Europe, including a sharp orbital margin, a relatively flat brow nose, a more rounded skull wall, a flattened apical hole Herringbone zone, the lower arc of the maxillary zygomatic lower edge, the trapezoid and the nose around - the amount of maxillary suture to the other. Using discriminant analysis, 67.0% -79.5% of specimens can be correctly classified into their original group. The correct discrimination rate among Chinese population reached 70.4% and 82.9% respectively. The distribution of individual specimens showed a large dispersion in the performance of the African population, while the concentration of samples in China and Europe was significantly concentrated, suggesting that the Chinese and European populations appear to have more derivative characteristics. This study also found that most of the non-measurement characteristics of skull, which are significantly different among the population, are related to the degree of skull cohesion. The author analyzed the related problems.