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目的分析青海省乌兰县鼠疫菌株生物学特性及流行病学意义,为该地区的鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法对1966—2011年青海省乌兰县分离的65株鼠疫菌株进行生化试验、毒力测定、毒力因子鉴定、质粒分析、鼠疫菌差异区段(Different Region,DFR)分型等研究。结果 65株被试菌株生物型为古典型、生态型均为青藏高原型。菌株基因组型为8型、5型、1b型、37型、44型,主要基因组型为8型。携带3种质粒谱,83.08%(54/65)菌株携带分子质量为6×106、45×106、52×106的质粒谱。93.85%(61/65)的鼠疫菌具备4个毒力因子,96.97%(32/33)的鼠疫菌为强毒菌。结论青海省乌兰县分离的鼠疫菌具备青藏高原鼠疫病原体特性,鼠疫菌的毒力强,因此该地区的鼠疫防治工作不容松懈。
Objective To analyze the biological characteristics and epidemiological significance of plague strains in Wulan County of Qinghai Province and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods Sixty-five strains of plague isolates isolated from Wulan County, Qinghai Province from 1966 to 2011 were studied for their biochemical tests, virulence determination, virulence factor identification, plasmid analysis and different regions (DFR) typing. Results The biotypes of the 65 tested strains were of classical type and ecotypes of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The genotypes of strains were type 8, type 5, type 1b, type 37 and type 44, and the main genotype was type 8. Carrying three kinds of plasmid spectrum, 83.08% (54/65) strains carry plasmid spectrum with molecular mass of 6 × 106, 45 × 106 and 52 × 106. 93.85% (61/65) of the plague bacteria have 4 virulence factors, 96.97% (32/33) of Y. pestis is a strong germ. Conclusion Yersinia pestis isolates from Qinghai Province have the characteristics of plague pathogens in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the virulence of Yersinia pestis is strong. Therefore, the prevention and control of plague in this region should not be relaxed.