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铜是国民经济中不可替代的重要原料,已经广泛应用于军事工业、电子电气、通讯、建筑、能源、石化、冶金、机械制造、交通运输以及高科技等领域。自20世纪90年代以来,伴随着经济的持续发展,我国铜消费一直保持高速增长。1990年,我国精铜消费量约73万吨,2002年猛增到250万吨,成为世界上最大的铜消费国。据国家统计局最新公布,2005年我国共消费铜367万吨,占全球消费总量的20%。而去年我国精铜产量是258万吨,其中利用国内矿石的产量只有62万吨,巨大的供需缺口使得我国不得不在很大程度上依赖铜矿进口。2005年,我国铜贸易逆差就高达135亿美元,占整个有色金属贸易逆差的80%。根据专家预测,今后10年我国铜消费量还将保持8%左右的年增长速度,铜原料的对外依赖程度必然会进一步加深。铜已经成为我国仅次于石油的第二大战略原料,必须采取切实有效的措施,以保证我国铜原料的可持续供应。一、造成我国铜资源短缺的原因铜的需求量通常是随着经济的发展而增加的。根据历年数据分析表明,当一个国家的国内生产总值(GDP)的增长率超过2.4%时,铜的消费量会快速增长,而GDP每变化1%,铜的消费量将变化3.24%。近年来,我国经济一直保持高速增长,电子信息、电气制造、机械设备、建筑等行业迅猛发展,人们的物质生活水平不断提高,使铜的需求量有了显著增长。
Copper is an irreplaceable important raw material in the national economy and has been widely used in the fields of military industry, electrical and electronics, communications, construction, energy, petrochemical, metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, transportation and high technology. Since the 1990s, along with the sustained economic development, the consumption of copper in our country has maintained a rapid growth. In 1990, refined copper consumption in China was about 730,000 tons, surging to 2.5 million tons in 2002, making it the largest consumer of copper in the world. According to the latest statistics released by the National Bureau of Statistics, China consumed 3.67 million tons of copper in 2005, accounting for 20% of the total global consumption. Last year, China’s refined copper production was 2.58 million tons, of which the use of domestic ore production was only 620,000 tons, a huge gap between supply and demand makes our country has to rely heavily on copper imports. In 2005, China’s copper trade deficit reached as high as 13.5 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 80% of the entire non-ferrous metal trade deficit. According to experts’ prediction, the consumption of copper in China will maintain an annual growth rate of about 8% in the next 10 years and the dependence on copper raw materials will inevitably further deepen. Copper has become China’s second largest strategic raw material after petroleum, and must take practical and effective measures to ensure the sustainable supply of copper raw materials in our country. First, the cause of the shortage of copper resources in China The demand for copper is usually increased with the economic development. According to historical data analysis, when a country’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate exceeds 2.4%, consumption of copper will increase rapidly, while copper consumption will change by 3.24% for every 1% change in GDP. In recent years, the economy of our country has maintained a rapid growth. The rapid development of industries such as electronic information, electrical manufacturing, machinery and equipment, and construction, and the continuous improvement of people’s material life have resulted in a remarkable increase in the demand for copper.