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水在大自然循环过程中,无时不与外界接触,它很易与各种物质混杂,溶解能力又较强,因此,天然水体中均不同程度地含有各种杂质。工业废水、生活污水及其它废弃物排入水体,则使水中杂质更趋复杂。这些杂质,按它们在水中存在的状态可分为:悬浮物、胶体和溶解物三种。悬浮物颗粒尺寸较大(100μm～1mm),它在水中的状态受颗粒本身质量影响较大。在动水中,常呈悬游状态。在静水中,比重大于水的颗粒可在重力作用下自然下沉,如泥砂
Water is in contact with the outside world at any time in the natural circulation process. It is very easy to mix with various substances and has a strong dissolving power. Therefore, natural water bodies contain various impurities to varying degrees. Industrial waste water, domestic sewage, and other wastes are discharged into water bodies, making the impurities in water more complicated. These impurities, according to their state in the water can be divided into: suspended solids, colloids and dissolved substances in three. Suspended particles have a large particle size (100 μm to 1 mm), and its state in water is greatly affected by the quality of the particles themselves. In moving water, it is often suspended. In still water, particles with a specific gravity greater than that of water can naturally sink under gravity, such as silt