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目的了解天津市河西区居民人口学特征、死因现状及其规律,评价居民的健康状况。方法运用Excel函数和寿命表法以及SPSS18.0软件对该区2010年的人口数据和死亡材料进行计算和分析。结果天津市河西区老年系数为15.28%,少儿系数为7.73%,总负担系数为29.88%,老少比197.66%。人群的男女性别比为97.28%。2010年天津市河西区居民总死亡率为8.04‰,婴儿死亡率为6.47‰,5岁以下儿童死亡率为7.39‰。以总人口年龄结构为标准,男性的标准化死亡率为9.43‰,女性为6.72‰,男性的死亡率高于女性。2010年天津市河西区全体居民的前5位死因依次为:心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病及糖尿病,因这5种疾病死亡的人数占全部死亡人数的89.78%。2010年总人群恶性肿瘤标化死亡率为98.06/10万,男性恶性肿瘤的标化死亡率是110.11/10万,女性是84.49/10万,男性高于女性;主要恶性肿瘤死因顺位依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、肠癌、食管癌、白血病。2010年河西区居民的期望寿命是81岁。结论天津市河西区属老年型社会,当前导致该区居民死亡的主要疾病为慢性非传染性疾病,应继续采取综合防治措施,加强健康教育和疾病监测,以提高人群健康水平。
Objective To understand the population characteristics, causes of death and its causes of death in Hexi District, Tianjin, and to evaluate the residents’ health status. Methods The Excel function and life table method and SPSS18.0 software were used to calculate and analyze the population data and death materials in this area in 2010. Results Hexi District, Tianjin aged coefficient of 15.28%, children coefficient of 7.73%, the total burden factor of 29.88%, the ratio of 197.66%. The sex ratio of the population is 97.28%. In 2010, the total death rate of residents in Hexi District of Tianjin was 8.04 ‰, the infant mortality rate was 6.47 ‰, and the death rate of children under 5 years of age was 7.39 ‰. Taking the total population age structure as the standard, the standardized mortality rate of males is 9.43 ‰ and that of females is 6.72 ‰, and the mortality rate of males is higher than that of females. In 2010, the top five death causes of all residents in Hexi District of Tianjin were heart disease, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes. The deaths from these five diseases accounted for 89.78% of the total deaths. In 2010 the total population of malignant tumor standardized mortality was 98.06 / 100 000, the standardized mortality of male malignancies was 110.11 / 100000, the female is 84.49 / 100000, the male is higher than the female; The leading cause of the main malignant tumor is Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, intestinal cancer, esophageal cancer, leukemia. The life expectancy of Hexi residents in 2010 is 81 years. Conclusions Hexi District, Tianjin is an aged society. Currently, the main cause of death in this area is chronic non-communicable diseases. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to strengthen health education and disease surveillance so as to improve the health of the population.