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孔子说过“狂者进取,狷者有所不为”。这是把道德划分为不同的类型。在现代,有人认为,人才之德有进取型的,有协调型的。前者尤其值得重视。1979年诺贝尔物理奖获得者温伯格有一段答记者问,对理解“进取型道德”很有启发。记者问:“你觉得哪些是科学家必须具备的素质?”温伯格说:“这个问题同样因人而异。不同的人可以按不同的途径达到很高的成就.很重要的一个素质是‘进攻性’,不是人与人关系中的‘进攻性’,而是对自然的‘进攻性’,不要安于接受书本上给你的答案,要去尝试下一步,尝试发现有什么与书本不同的东西。这种素质可能比智力更重要,往往是区别最好的学生和次好的学生的标准。”中学的基础教育,当然不是培养科学家的教育,但我们同样必须以培养“最好的学生”为标的。我们所谓的“充分启发学生的主体意识”,其基本的涵义就是:帮助学生在语文学习中确立主人公意识,不满足于教师所给的现成的答案,大胆地质疑和尝试,充满信心地主动到知识领域中去探求。根本的目的,也就是为了使学生在学习的起步阶段,就生出“进攻性素质”的萌芽。长期来,我们的语文教学处于超负重运行的低效状态,与学生学语文缺乏主动性密切有关。上海S版高中语文教材试教的同志们,正努力在这一方面作有益的尝试。他们认真研究学生的学习心理,凭借新教材所提供的优势,试着运用一些新的教学方法去激发学生的主动进攻精神。他们的试验刚刚起步,我们先睹为快,发表这一组文章,以期引起全国中学语文教育界的重视和讨论。
Confucius said that “the fanatics are enterprising, and those who do not do anything”. This is the division of ethics into different types. In the modern era, some people think that the morality of an individual is aggressive and coordinated. The former is particularly worthy of attention. Amber Nagel, winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics, asked this question a few times and was very inspired to understand the “progressive ethics.” The reporter asks: “What qualities do you think scientists must possess?” Weinberger said: “The same issue varies from person to person, and different people can achieve very high achievements in different ways. One of the most important qualities is’ Offensive, ”not“ offensive ”in the relationship between people, but“ offensive ”to nature, not to accept the answers to the book, to try the next step, try to find out what is different from the book This quality may be more important than intelligence, often the difference between the best student and the second best student. “Basic education in middle school is, of course, not a scientist’s education, but we also have to develop” the best Student “as the standard. Our so-called ”fully inspire students’ subjective consciousness“ is: to help students establish a sense of hero in their language learning, not satisfied with ready-made answers given by teachers, boldly question and try, and take the initiative to To explore the field of knowledge. The fundamental purpose, that is, to enable students in the initial stages of learning, it gives birth to ”aggressive quality" of the bud. In the long run, our language teaching is overloaded and inefficient, which is closely related to the lack of initiative of students in learning Chinese. Shanghai S version of the high school Chinese teaching materials comrades, are trying to make beneficial attempts in this regard. They carefully study the learning psychology of students, with the advantages provided by the new teaching materials, try to use some new teaching methods to stimulate students’ initiative. Their experiments have just started, we preview, published this group of articles, with a view to arouse the attention of the national language education in secondary schools and discussion.