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三、社会结构的垂直比趋势70年代至80年代初,苏联的社会经济发展出现停滞现象,国民经济中的困难开始增加,经济增长速度明显下降。人们不得不思考这样一个问题:究竟应该如何进行有计划的社会变革。有计划不等于主观地、按长官意志左右社会历史的进程,而必须遵循自然界发展变化的客观规律,按照社会心理、社会经济发展的客观规律办事。斯大林时期的工业化和农业集体化,不无失之偏颇之处。最为明显的是在农业集体化问题上操之过急。列宁生前曾经指出:需要用几代人的时间把全体农民引上合作化的道路。但是苏联于1932年就实现了农业全盘集体化。刚刚尝到新经济政策甜头的农民,为此失去了劳
Vertical Trend of Social Structure During the period from the 1970s to the early 1980s, the social and economic development of the Soviet Union stagnated. The difficulties in the national economy began to increase, and the rate of economic growth declined markedly. People have to think about such a question: how to carry out planned social changes. A plan does not mean subjectively and according to the will of the government the process of social history, but must follow the objective law of development and changes in nature and act in accordance with the objective laws of social psychology and social and economic development. Stalin’s industrialization and agricultural collectivization, without any loss of bias. The most obvious is the hurdle of agricultural collectivization. During his lifetime, Lenin pointed out: It takes several generations to bring all the peasants to the path of cooperation. However, in 1932 the Soviet Union brought about a total collectivization of agriculture. Farmers who have just tasted the sweetness of the new economic policies have lost their jobs