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低能光子与探测器物质的相互作用主要是光电效应。其光电吸收系数μ_(PE)是: μ_(PE)∝E_r~(-7/2)ρZ~5式中,E_4是入射射线能量(eV);ρ和z分别为探测器材料密度和原子序数。对低能X、γ射线探测,就必须考虑选择原子序数高、密度大的探测器材料。碘化汞作为低能光子探测器,基本满足上述要求。它的特点是:(1)原子序数高,对X射线有很好的阻止本领和相当高的灵敏度;(2)禁带宽度大,可在40℃以下温度范围内工作和保存;(3)体积小、重量轻、牢固可靠、可构成小型的便携式谱仪;(4)适用于低能(<100keV)X射线的探测,有很好的能量分辨率和能量线性,在核医学、X荧光分析、野外探测等方面有着广阔的应用前景。
The interaction of low-energy photons with detector material is mainly the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric absorption coefficient μ_ (PE) is: μ_ (PE) αE_r ~ (-7/2) ρZ ~ 5 Where E_4 is the energy of incident ray (eV); ρ and z are the detector material density and atomic number . For low-energy X, gamma ray detection, we must consider the selection of high atomic number, high density detector material. Mercury iodide as a low-energy photon detector basically meet the above requirements. Its characteristics are: (1) high atomic number, good blocking ability and high sensitivity to X-ray; (2) large forbidden band width, which can work and save in the temperature range below 40 ℃; (3) Small size, light weight, solid and reliable, can constitute a small portable spectrometer; (4) for low energy (<100keV) X-ray detection, good energy resolution and energy linearity, nuclear medicine, X fluorescence analysis , Field detection and so has a broad application prospects.