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目的了解河南省贫困地区农村义务教育阶段学生的体格发育和营养健康状况,为制定营养改善和干预等政策提供依据。方法在河南省3个贫困县中,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取小学一年级到初中三年级学生44 879名,对其进行身高、体重测量,采用SPSS 12.0对测量数据进行分析。结果除男、女生10岁身高和12岁体重外,其余各年龄组男生身高、体重均显著高于女生(P值均<0.05)。河南省贫困地区农村义务教育学生营养不良检出率为10.0%,超重检出率为7.5%,肥胖检出率为2.2%。整体上,男生营养不良、超重、肥胖的检出率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),主要表现在6~12岁年龄组男生超重、肥胖检出率高于女生,11~16岁年龄组男生营养不良检出率高于女生。结论贫困农村地区学生的生长发育水平和营养状况整体较差,应警惕超重和肥胖的增长,同时需重点关注男生随年龄增长营养状况的变化。
Objective To understand the physical development and nutritional health status of rural compulsory education students in poverty-stricken areas in Henan Province, and to provide evidence for the formulation of nutrition improvement and intervention policies. Methods In stratified random cluster sampling in three poor counties of Henan Province, 44 879 students from the first grade of primary school to the third grade of junior middle school were selected and their height and weight were measured. The measurement data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. Results The height and weight of boys in all age groups were significantly higher than girls (P <0.05), except for the height of 10-year-old boys and 12-year-olds. The incidence of malnutrition among rural compulsory education students in poverty-stricken areas in Henan Province was 10.0%, the detection rate of overweight was 7.5% and the detection rate of obesity was 2.2%. Overall, the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity in boys was higher than that in girls (all P <0.05), mainly in the overweight and obesity rates of boys aged 6 ~ 12 For girls, 11 ~ 16 age group boys malnutrition detection rate higher than girls. Conclusion Poor students in rural areas generally have poor growth and nutritional status. They should be alert to the growth of overweight and obesity. At the same time, they should pay more attention to the changes of nutritional status of boys with age.