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为了解乌鲁木齐地区不同生境土壤跳虫群落结构及其多样性,研究土壤跳虫群落结构特征,了解不同生境差异对土壤跳虫群落结构的影响,分别在2008年4月、7月、9月和11月中旬对该区自然榆林、防护林、植物园、草地、居民点、废弃地及菜地等7种典型生境土壤跳虫群落特征进行了调查。共采集跳虫3728只,隶属于4目13科27属,其中伪亚跳属Pseudachorutes、球角跳属Hypogastrura、棘跳属Onychiurus、等节跳属Isotoma为优势类群,分别占总数的13.25%、12.31%、11.40%、10.03%,共占总数的47.00%。跳虫属Podura、长跳属Entomobrya、原等跳属Proisotoma、土跳属Tullbergia、驼跳属Cyphoderus、裸长角跳属Sinella、钩圆跳属Bourletiella、德跳属Desoria、小等节跳属Isotomiella、疣跳属Neanura、类符跳属Folsomina、符跳属Folsomia、刺驼跳属Cyphoderopsis及缺弹跳属Anuropho-rus等14属为常见类群,共占总数的47.65%,其余9属均为稀有类群,共占总数的5.35%。不同生境土壤跳虫的个体数和类群数差异较大(P<0.05),其中个体数顺序为自然榆林>防护林>草地>植物园>居民点>废弃地>菜地。跳虫个体密度和类群数在不同季节间差异明显(P<0.05),其中个体数顺序为9月>7月>4月>11月,Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数(H)在不同生境间均有显著差异(P<0.05),其顺序为植物园>防护林>自然榆林>草地>居民点>废弃地>菜地。Simpson优势度指数(C)为菜地>居民点>废弃地>草地>自然榆林>植物园>防护林。各生境间土壤跳虫群落的相似性较差,仅少数生境间相似性达到相似水平。研究表明不同生境植被类型是影响该区跳虫群落结构和多样性的主要因素。
In order to understand the community structure and diversity of the soil steppe community in different habitats in Urumqi, the community structure characteristics of the soil steppe community were studied to understand the influence of different habitats on the community structure of the soil steppe community. In April, July, September, 2008, In mid-November, the community characteristics of soil insect collars in seven typical habitats including Yulin, shelterbelts, botanical gardens, grasslands, settlements, abandoned land and vegetable fields in the area were investigated. A total of 3728 insect beetles were collected, belonging to 4 orders, 13 families and 27 genera. Among them, Pseudachorutes, Hypogastrura, Onychiurus and Isotoma belonged to Isotoma, accounting for 13.25% 12.31%, 11.40%, 10.03%, accounting for 47.00% of the total. The genus Podura, the genus Entomobrya, the genus Proisotoma, the genus Tullbergia, the genus Cyphoderus, the genus Sinella, the genus Bourletiella, the genus Desoria, the genus Isotomiella , 14 genus belonging to 14 genera, including Folsomina, Folsomia, Cyphoderopsis and Anuropho-rus, accounted for 47.65% of the total, and the remaining 9 genera were all rare species , Accounting for 5.35% of the total. The numbers of individuals and taxa of soil hoppers in different habitats varied greatly (P <0.05), and the order of individuals was natural Yulin> shelterbelts> grassland> botanical garden> residential area> abandoned land> vegetable fields. The individual density and number of taxa differed significantly among different seasons (P <0.05), and the order of individuals was September> July> April> November. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) (P <0.05). The sequence was botanic garden> shelterbelts> natural Yulin> grassland> settlements> abandoned land> vegetable fields. Simpson dominance index (C) is vegetable plot> residential area> abandoned land> grassland> natural Yulin> botanical garden> shelter forest. The similarity of soil spring and insect pest community in each habitat is poor, and the similarities among the few habitats only reach the similar level. The research shows that the vegetation types of different habitats are the main factors affecting the structure and diversity of the demodex community in this area.