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[目的]探索耐低温的辣椒种质资源快速筛选的方法和标准,为耐低温冷害辣椒育种提供理论依据。[方法]以110份色素辣椒种子为材料,采用卷纸快速发芽法对其进行亚适温(18℃)和适温(25℃)发芽势的测定,并对不同遗传类型种子分别从其发芽势、发芽势区间划分方面进行评价。运用马氏距离法,利用适温发芽势、亚适温发芽势、适温芽长、适温芽粗、亚适温芽长、亚适温芽粗和种子大小等性状,对110份辣椒材料进行聚类分析。[结果]发芽势比较表明,在适温和亚适温条件下,羊×羊、羊×甜品种的平均发芽势最高;甜色素椒品种的发芽势最低。羊×羊、羊×甜、甜×甜的平均发芽势在适温和亚适温条件下差异较小。对其进行(亚适温-CK)/CK的分析可知,F_1代的耐低温能力比自交系的强。遗传差异区间比较表明,110份材料在适温条件下,发芽势在大于0.80区间的共有81份材料。而在亚适温条件下,发芽势在大于0.80区间的仅有41份材料,由此可见在适温条件下辣椒种子的发芽势普遍高于亚适温下辣椒种子。不同遗传类型亚适温与适温下发芽势频率比较表明,甜×甜、羊×甜、羊在亚适温和对照条件下的发芽势分布无差异。对110份辣椒材料进行聚类分析,阈值为48时,110份辣椒材料可分为4大类:03号-Ⅲ～08185-1为第1类;08061～08176为第2类;08153～08188为第3类;08190为第4类;遗传类型相同的大多分布在同一类中,第1类为羊×羊,第2类为羊,第3类为甜,第4类在适温下的发芽势高,为0.92;而亚适温条件下的发芽势很低,为0.48,发芽质量(芽长、芽粗、芽色)好。以发芽势为指标,110份辣椒材料共筛选出在亚适温和适温条件下发芽势都高的辣椒种子37份。其中甜椒型有2种,为08148和08149;羊角椒型有17种,分别为:红龙3号,英潮红1,英潮红Ⅱ,08104,08130-2,08140,08130-5,08133,08136-1,08136-2,08139,08142,08142-4,08144,08146,08147和08200;羊×甜有4种,分别为:08033,08040,08064,08073;羊×羊有12种,分别为:03号-Ⅲ,08055,08057,08058,08060,08061,08065,08066,08069,08080,08120和乌拉斯台;甜×甜有2种,为08008和08011。[结论]37份辣椒在低温条件下的发芽势高,具有较强的抗寒性,可以作为辣椒抗寒性的育种材料。
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the methods and standards for rapid screening of pepper germplasm resources with low temperature tolerance, and provide theoretical basis for the breeding of chili pepper with low temperature and chilling injury. [Method] With 110 capsicum seeds as materials, the sprouting potential of subtropical (18 ℃) and suitable temperature (25 ℃) was determined by the method of rapid paper sprouting, and the seeds of different genetic types were germinated Potential, germination potential division of evaluation. Mahalanobis distance method was used to study the effects of temperature on the growth of 110 capsicums by using the suitable temperature germination potential, the sub-optimal temperature germination potential, the suitable temperature sprout length, the suitable temperature sprout diameter, the suboptimal temperature sprout length, Cluster analysis. [Result] The comparison of germination potential showed that the average germination energy of sheep × sheep and sheep × sweet varieties was the highest under the suitable temperature and sub-optimal temperature, and the germination potential of sweet pepper varieties was the lowest. The average germinating potential of sheep × sheep, sheep × sweet, sweet × sweet was less difference under suitable temperature and sub-optimal temperature. Analysis of its (sub-adapted temperature-CK) / CK shows that the low temperature resistance ability of F1 generation is stronger than inbred lines. The comparison of genetic difference interval showed that there were 81 materials whose germination potentials were greater than 0.80 in 110 materials at the suitable temperature. In the sub-optimal temperature conditions, the germination potential is greater than 0.80 interval of only 41 materials, we can see that under suitable temperature conditions pepper seed germination potential is generally higher than sub-optimal temperature pepper seeds. The comparison of the frequency of germination potential between sub-adapted and adapted temperature of different genetic types showed that there was no difference in the germination potential of sweet × sweet and sheep × sweet sheep under sub-optimal temperature and control conditions. According to the cluster analysis of 110 pepper materials, 110 pepper materials can be divided into four groups according to the threshold value of 48: 03 - Ⅲ ~ 08185-1 is the first category; 08061 ~ 08176 is the second category; 08153 ~ 08188 For the third category; 08190 for the fourth category; most of the same genetic types are distributed in the same category, the first category is sheep × sheep, the second category is sheep, the third category is sweet, the fourth category at the proper temperature The germination potential was 0.92, while the sprouting potential was very low at the sub-optimal temperature of 0.48. The germination quality (bud length, bud diameter, bud color) was good. Taking the germination potential as an index, 37 pepper seeds with high sprouting potential under moderate and moderate temperature conditions were screened out from 110 pepper materials. Among them, there are 2 kinds of sweet pepper, which are 08148 and 08149; There are 17 kinds of sweet pepper, which are: Red Dragon 3, Yingchaohong 1, Yingchaohong Ⅱ, 08104,08130-2,08140,08130-5,08133, 08136-1, 08136-2, 08139, 08142, 08142-4, 08144, 08146, 08147 and 08200; sheep × sweet there are 4 kinds, respectively: 08033,08040,08064,08073; As follows: 03-III, 08055,08057,08058,08060,08061,08065,08066,08069,08080,08120 and Wulasitai; sweet × sweet there are two kinds of 08008 and 08011. [Conclusion] The 37 chili peppers had high germination potential at low temperature, had strong cold resistance, and could be used as the breeding materials for cold resistance of pepper.