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目的:了解张家口市小儿急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)的病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法:对465例ALRI患儿的痰液标本进行细菌培养鉴定及药敏试验。结果:共培养出病原菌253株,总阳性率为54.41%。其中革兰阴性菌159株,占62.85%,以肺炎克雷伯、大肠埃希菌为主,较敏感的抗生素为环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、丁胺卡那、亚胺培南;革兰阳性菌82株,占32.41%,以葡萄球菌属为主,青霉素耐药株占85.33%,万古霉素、环丙沙星、丁胺卡那较敏感。结论:小儿免疫系统不成熟,病原菌和耐药复杂,医生一定要依据细菌种类并根据药敏试验选择有效的抗生素,及时有效地控制感染。
Objective: To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in Zhangjiakou City. Methods: Bacterial culture identification and drug sensitivity test were performed on sputum specimens of 465 children with ALRI. Results: A total of 253 pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured, the total positive rate was 54.41%. Among them, 159 were Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 62.85%. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the major antibiotics. The more sensitive antibiotics were ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem. Gram-positive 82 strains, accounting for 32.41%, Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin resistant strains accounted for 85.33%, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin more sensitive. Conclusion: The immature immune system in children, pathogens and drug resistance complex, the doctor must be based on bacterial species and drug susceptibility testing based on the choice of effective antibiotics, timely and effective control of infection.