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摘要：【目的】研究广西北部湾主要河流的污染状况及污染物入海通量，分析主要污染物的来源及其对近岸海域水质的影响,为流域污染物控制和近岸海洋生态环境保护提供科学依据。【方法】于 2014 年的丰、枯水期对广西北部湾近岸海域主要河流防城江、茅岭江、钦江、大风江和南流江的污染状况及污染物入海通量进行监测。【结果】影响河流监测断面水质的污染物主要有无机氮、无机磷和化学需氧量。丰水期各河流无机氮基本属四类或劣四类；无机磷除大风江属一类外，其余属劣四类；防城江的化学需氧量属劣四类，钦江属劣二类，其余属劣一类。枯水期各河流无机氮基本属四类或劣四类；无机磷除大风江属一类外，其余基本属四类或劣四类；化学需氧量基本属一类或劣一类。2014 年广西北部湾主要河流的污染物入海通量为 175596.02 t，其中化学需氧量的入海通量约占污染物总入海量的 59.1%，总氮约占 37.8%，总磷约占2.0%，油类约占 0.6%，重金属约占 0.4%，硫化物约占 0.1%。【结论】入海的河流污染物主要有化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和油类，茅岭江的总氮、总磷和化学需氧量主要源于生活污水和畜禽养殖污染源，油类主要源于畜禽养殖污染源；钦江的总氮、总磷主要源于畜禽养殖和种植业污染源，化学需氧量和油类主要源于畜禽养殖污染源；南流江的总氮、总磷、化学需氧量和油类主要源于畜禽养殖污染源。入海的河流污染物中化学需氧量、无机氮、无机磷和油类的污染负荷较高，但影响近岸海域水质的污染物主要是无机氮和无机磷。
Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the pollution status of major rivers in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi and the flux of pollutants into the sea, analyze the sources of major pollutants and their impact on the water quality in the coastal waters, and provide the control of pollutants and the protection of coastal marine ecological environment Scientific basis. 【Method】 The pollution status and pollutant flux into the sea of Fangcheng River, Maoling River, Qinjiang River, the Dafeng River and Nanliu River in the coastal waters of Beibu Gulf of Guangxi were monitored during the abundant and dry season in 2014. 【Result】 The main pollutants affecting water quality of river monitoring section were inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand. The inorganic nitrogen in rivers in the wet season basically belongs to the fourth or inferior category. Inorganic phosphorus is classified into four categories except for the type of the Dafeng River. The chemical oxygen demand of Fangcheng River is inferior to the four categories, Class, the rest is a bad class. In the dry season, the inorganic nitrogen in each river basically belongs to the fourth or inferior category. The inorganic phosphorus belongs to the fourth or the fourth category, except for the Dafengjiang River. The chemical oxygen demand is basically of the same or worse type. In 2014, the flux of pollutants entering the major rivers in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi was 175596.02 t, of which 59.1% of the total amount of chemical oxygen demand into the sea accounted for 59.1% of the total pollutants, 37.8% of the total nitrogen and 2.0% of the total phosphorus, About 0.6% of oils, about 0.4% of heavy metals and about 0.1% of sulfides. 【Conclusion】 The main river pollutants into the sea are chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and oil. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand of Maoling River mainly come from domestic sewage and pollution source of livestock and poultry breeding. Mainly from livestock and poultry breeding sources of pollution; Qinjiang total nitrogen, total phosphorus mainly from livestock and poultry farming and planting pollution sources, chemical oxygen demand and oil mainly from livestock and poultry breeding sources of pollution; Nanliu the total nitrogen, Total phosphorus, COD and oils are mainly derived from livestock and poultry breeding sources. Chemical pollutants, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and oil in river pollutants into the sea have a higher pollution load, but the pollutants affecting the water quality of coastal waters are mainly inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus.