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To the editor:Up to now there was no case reported on whether splenectomy influenced relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Here we report a relapsed CML patient after alIo-HSCT and splenectomy.rnThis patient is a 52-year-old man who initially presented with CML in chronic phase in 2002.At diagnosis he underwent alloHSCT from his HLA-identical brother.The conditioning regimen was the busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BU-CY2) and then he received cyclosporine and methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.Because of pancytopenia,the patient received splenectomy and then had a rapid hematopoeitic recovery without evidence of Ph-positive chromosomes.Molecular studies also proved to be a complete donor chimerism (CDC) for him.